Çanakkale city settlement has been located in just the opposite of Gallipoli Peninsula on Asian side of Çanakkale strait which seperates Marmara Sea from Aegean Sea. Because of this narrow structure, Çanakkale Strait has always strategical importance in history in controlling the entrances of Marmara Sea. Neverthless, because of this strategical position, one of the most bloody and big battlefield of I. World War had occured here in years between 1914 and 1918. In 1915, there had been propagated Russian – German Emperorship war. Then, Russians had asked for military support from France and England. So, the navies that these two country sent come to in front of Çanakkale Strait on 19 February 1915 and they had started to bomb two important places Settulbahir and Kumkale regoins. This event had led Turkish people into a great struggle. This enormous enemy navies had been defeated by the unbelievable resistences of Turkish soldiers and they have driven back as a result of an heroically continuous struggle in 18 May 1915. However, enemy navies had extricated soldiers to Gallipoli Peninsula. The Turkish Army by the leadership of Mustafa Kemal had obtained victories in Conkbayin, Anafartalar and Anburnu. So the destiny of the war had completely been changed. In 9 January 1916, the looser English and French navies had left fro Çanakkale, then system of government had collapsed in England. In this battlefield, 253.000 Turkish soldiers had died from 700.000 participant soldiers. And 210.000 English – French soldier had died from 410.000 English and 79.000 French parlicipants.
At the end of the war, Mustafa Kemal had declared a message to the mothers of foreign soldiers who died in Canakkale: In Archaic ages, Canakkale had been known as Hellespont and it also had been called as “Dardanel” because of the well known King Dardanos who had been among the legendary founders at Troya. Since the shape of the fortress of here looks like a bowl Turkish people calls it as “Canakkale” (BowlFortress), constructed by the commands of Fatih Sultan Mehmet. The findings that have been brought to light in excavations carried out in Çanakkale and tumulus tomb of King Dardanos are exhibited today in Çanakkale Museum. In the second museum included in this city, there are exhibited many documents and objects related with Çanakkale battlefield.